Journal:

Article Title: Interactive Comorbidity between Opioid Drug Abuse and HIV-1 Tat

doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090945

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphine exposure and Tat induction have differential effects on dendritic pathology. Tat(−) mice show normal dendritic morphology and spine distribution (A–D) on proximal (C) and distal (third order; D) segments of striatal neuron dendrites. Chronic morphine (Morph) exposure (seven days; E–H) reduced spine density especially along more distal dendritic segments (F inset, H). By contrast, chronic Tat induction with doxycycline (Dox) (seven days; I–Q) caused beading along the proximal and distal segments of many striatal neurons; the degenerative changes were non-uniform among individual neurons, with some neurons appearing normal. Spine densities were markedly diminished in the distal segments of many neurons with Tat induction (J–Q), and presumed transitional forms of partially beaded dendrites (M, N, O, Q) that were additionally denuded of spines were evident (M inset, N, O, Q). In combination, morphine exposure and Tat induction cause severe deficits in spine numbers and defects in dendritic morphology (R–Y), including severe beading and degeneration (W), qualitatively worse than with either treatment alone. Different z-plane images of some neurons were projected into a single 2-dimensional image using deconvolution (AutoQuant) (C–H, T–U, X–Y) or extended focusing (Extended Focus Module, AxioVision, Zeiss) (A, B, K, M, R) software as described before10; scale bars = 20 μm (A) and 10 μm (B, C, J, K, M); (B, E, F, I), (C–D, G–H, N, O, Q, T, U, W–Y), (K, L) and (M, P, R, S, V) are the same magnification.

Article Snippet: Different z-plane images of some neurons were projected into a single 2-dimensional image using deconvolution (AutoQuant) ( C–H, T–U, X–Y ) or extended focusing (Extended Focus Module, AxioVision, Zeiss) ( A, B, K, M, R ) software as described before 10 ; scale bars = 20 μm ( A ) and 10 μm ( B, C, J, K, M ); ( B, E, F, I ), ( C–D, G–H, N, O, Q, T, U, W–Y ), ( K, L ) and ( M, P, R, S, V ) are the same magnification. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 7 caption a7 Effects of the Tat transgene ± morphine on the morphology of dendrites.

Techniques: Software